$ pwd
/data/mdi2/classes
$ git blame -L22,+1 -- utils.js
99b7a802 mdi2/utils.js (user 2015-03-26 21:54:57 +0200 22) #comment
$ git blame -L22,+1 99b7a802^ -- utils.js
fatal: no such path mdi2/classes/utils.js in 99b7a802^
As you have noticed, the file were in different directory in that commit
$ git blame -L22,+1 99b7a802^ -- ../utils.js
c5105267 (user 2007-04-10 08:00:20 +0000 22) #comment 2
Despite on doc
The origin of lines is automatically followed across whole-file renames (currently there is no option to turn
the rename-following off)
blame does not follow renames. Why?
UPDATE: Short answer
git blame
follow renames but not for git blame COMMIT^ -- <filename>
But this is too hard to track file renames manually through bulk of renames and ton of history.
I think, this behaviour must be fixed to silently follow renames for git blame COMMIT^ -- <filename>
. Or, at least, --follow
must be implemented, so I can: git blame --follow COMMIT^ -- <filename>
UPDATE2: That is impossible. Read below.
ANSWER FROM MAILLIST by Junio C Hamano
git blame
follow renames but not forgit blame COMMIT^ -- <filename>
Suppose you have file A and file B in your version v1.0.
Six month down the road, the code was much refactored, and you do not need the contents of these two files separately. You have removed A and B and much of what they had is now in file C. That is the current state.
git blame -C HEAD -- C
may follow the contents from both just fine, but if you were allowed to say
git blame v1.0 -- C
what does it even mean? C did not exist v1.0 at all. Are you asking to follow the contents of A back then, or B? How did you tell you meant A and not B when you told it C in this command?
"git blame" follows content movements, and never treats "renames" in any special way, as it is a stupid thing to do to think a rename is somehow special ;-)
The way you tell what content to start digging from to the command from its command line is to give starting point commit (defaults to HEAD but you may give COMMIT^ as your example) and the path in that starting point. As it does not make any sense to tell C to Git and then magically make it guess you meant A in some cases and B in some other. If v1.0 did not have C, the only sensible thing to do is to exit instead of making a guess (and without telling the user how it guessed).
git blame
does follow renames (as does git log
if you give it --follow
). The problem lies in the way it follows renames, which is a not-very-thorough hack: as it steps back one commit at a time (from each child to each parent), it makes a diff—the same kind of diff you can make manually with:
git diff -M SHA1^ SHA1
—and checks to see if this diff detected a rename.1
That's all fine as far as it goes, but it means that for git blame
to detect a rename, (a) git diff -M
has to be able to detect it (fortunately that is the case here) and—here's what's causing you problems—it must step across the rename.
For instance, suppose the commit graph looks a bit like this:
A <-- B <-- ... Q <-- R <-- S <-- T
where each uppercase letter represents a commit. Suppose further that a file was renamed in commit R
, so that in commits R
through T
it has name newname
while in commits A
through Q
it has name oldname
.
If you run git blame -- newname
, the sequence starts at T
, compares S
and T
, compares R
and S
, and compares Q
and R
. When it compares Q
and R
, git blame
discovers the name-change, and starts looking for oldname
in commits Q
and earlier, so when it compares P
and Q
it compares files oldname
and oldname
in those two commits.
If, on the other hand, you run git blame R^ -- newname
(or git blame Q -- newname
) so that the sequence starts at commit Q
, there is no file newname
in that commit, and there is no rename when comparing P
and Q
, and git blame
simply gives up.
The trick is that if you're starting from a commit in which the file had the previous name, you must give git the old name:
git blame R^ -- oldname
and then it all works again.
1In the git diff
documentation, you will see that there is a -M
option that controls how git diff
detects renames. The blame
code modifies this a bit (and in fact does two passes, one with -M
turned off and a second with -M
turned on) and uses its own (different) -M
option for somewhat different purposes, but ultimately it's using this same code.
[Edit to add reply to comment (didn't fit as a comment itself)]:
Is any tool that can show me file renames like: git renames <filename> SHA date oldname->newname
Not exactly, but git diff -M
comes close, and may be close enough.
I'm not sure what you mean by "SHA date" here, but git diff -M
allows you to supply two SHA-1s and compares left-vs-right. Add --name-status
to get just file names and dispositions. Hence git diff -M --name-status HEAD oldsha1
may report that to convert from HEAD
to oldsha1
, git believes you should R
ename a file and will report the old name as the "new" name. For instance, in the git repository itself, there is a file currently named Documentation/giteveryday.txt
that used to have a slightly different name:
$ git diff -M --name-status HEAD 992cb206
M .gitignore
M .mailmap
[...snip...]
M Documentation/diff-options.txt
R097 Documentation/giteveryday.txt Documentation/everyday.txt
D Documentation/everyday.txto
[...]
If that's the file you care about, you're good. The two problems here are:
992cb206
come from? If you already have an SHA-1, that's easy; if not, git rev-list
is the SHA1-finding tool; read its documentation;git blame
does, may produce quite different answers than comparing a much-later commit (HEAD
) against a much-earlier commit (992cb206
or whatever). In this case, it comes out the same, but the "similarity index" here is 97 out of 100. If it were to have been modified much more in some of the intermediate steps, that similarity index might fall below 50% ... yet, if we were to compare a revision just a little after 992cb206
to 992cb206
(as git blame
would), perhaps the similarity index between those two files might be higher.What's needed (and missing) is for git rev-list
itself to implement --follow
, so that all commands that use git rev-list
internally—i.e., most commands that work on more than just one revision—can do the trick. Along the way, it would be nice if it worked in the other direction (currently --follow
is newer-to-older only, i.e., works fine with git blame
and works ok with git log
as long you don't ask for oldest history first with --reverse
).