$ git reset -- <file_path>
can reset by path.
However, $ git reset (--hard|--soft) <file_path>
will report an error like below:
Cannot do hard|soft reset with paths.
Because there's no point (other commands provide that functionality already), and it reduces the potential for doing the wrong thing by accident.
A "hard reset" for a path is just done with git checkout HEAD -- <path>
(checking out the existing version of the file).
A soft reset for a path doesn't make sense.
A mixed reset for a path is what git reset -- <path>
does.