Is there a way to export photoshop/Illustrator files to .ttf or .otf files? I know there is no option for it in these programs themselves, but perhaps there is a third party program which can import them?
Are programs like Glyphs or something the only way to make fonts? And how do professionals make them?
Hope you can help
FontLab (commercial app) can import Illustrator paths: http://www.fontlab.com/contact-and-support/faq/faq-fontlab-typetool-mdash-glyph-drawing/ . FontForge (FOSS) can as well, and apparently some other vector formats: http://fontforge.org/importexample.html
As for the second part of your question: most professionals use tools such as FontLab, Glyphs, RoboFont, etc. and draw directly in the font-making applications. In many cases they will work from a template/background of some sort, such as a scan of hand-drawings, or perhaps outlines of a different weight of the same design, etc.