Cloud Firestore: Enforcing Unique User Names

Question

The Problem

I have seen this question several times (also in the context of the Firebase Real-Time Database), but I haven't seen a convincing answer to it. The problem statement is fairly simple:

How can (authenticated) users choose a username that hasn't been taken yet?

First of all, the why: After a user authenticates, they have a unique user ID. Many web-apps, however, let the user choose a "display name" (how the user wants to appear on the website), in order to protect the users personal data (like real name).

The Users Collection

Given a data structure like the following it is possible to store a username along with other data for each user:

/users  (collection)
    /{uid}  (document)
        - name: "<the username>"
        - foo: "<other data>"

However, nothing prevents another user (with a different {uid}) to store the same name in their record. As far as I know, there is no "security rule" that allows us to check if the name has already been by another user.

Note: A client side check is possible, but unsafe as a malicious client could omit the check.

The Reverse Mapping

Popular solutions are creating a collection with a reverse mapping:

/usernames  (collection)
    /{name}  (document)
       - uid: "<the auth {uid} field>"

Given this reverse mapping, it is possible to write a security rule to enforce that a username is not already taken:

match /users/{userId} {
  allow read: if true;
  allow create, update: if
      request.auth.uid == userId &&
      request.resource.data.name is string &&
      request.resource.data.name.size() >= 3 &&
      get(/PATH/usernames/$(request.resource.data.name)).data.uid == userId;
}

and to force a user to create a usernames document first:

match /usernames/{name} {
  allow read: if true;
  allow create: if
      request.resource.data.size() == 1 &&
      request.resource.data.uid is string &&
      request.resource.data.uid == request.auth.uid;
}

I believe the solution is half-way there. However, there are still a few unsolved issues.

Remaining Issues / Questions

This implementation is quite involved already but it doesn't even solve the problem of users that want to change their user name (requires record deletion or update rules, etc.)

Another issue is, nothing prevents a user from adding multiple records in the usernames collection, effectively snatching all good usernames to sabotage the system.

So to the questions:

• Is there a simpler solution to enforce unique usernames?
• How can spamming the usernames collection be prevented?
• How can the username checks be made case-insensitive?

I tried also enforcing existence of the users, with another exists() rule for the /usernames collection and then committing a batch write operation, however, this doesn't seem to work ("Missing or insufficient permissions" error).

Another note: I have seen solutions with client-side checks. BUT THESE ARE UNSAFE. Any malicious client can modify the code, and omit checks.

Answer 1

@asciimike on twitter is a firebase security rules developer. He says there is currently no way to enforce uniqueness on a key on a document. https://twitter.com/asciimike/status/937032291511025664

Since firestore is based on Google Cloud datastore it inherits this issue. It's been a long standing request since 2008. https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/35875869#c14

However, you can achieve your goal by using firebase functions and some strict security rules.

You can view my entire proposed solution on medium. https://medium.com/@jqualls/firebase-firestore-unique-constraints-d0673b7a4952