So the question is in the title. As far as I understand, .asar is kind of archived file using in electron app. But what is the goal for it?
Asar is used to concatenate your application files to one big file, it mitigates issues and it slightly speeds up require.
To mitigate issues around long path names on Windows, slightly speed up require and conceal your source code from cursory inspection, you can choose to package your app into an asar archive with little changes to your source code.