Is there a best practice on setting up glibc on docker alpine linux base image with correct paths so any spawned process can correctly reference the location of the installed libc libraries?
Yes there is,
I've used a custom built glibc to install a JRE on it.
You can find it here
You can use wget or curl to get the code and apk to install them
UPDATED commands see comments below
apk --no-cache add ca-certificates wget
wget -q -O /etc/apk/keys/sgerrand.rsa.pub https://alpine-pkgs.sgerrand.com/sgerrand.rsa.pub
wget https://github.com/sgerrand/alpine-pkg-glibc/releases/download/2.28-r0/glibc-2.28-r0.apk
apk add glibc-2.28-r0.apk
It worked perfectly for me