Are there any difference between data integrity and data consistency?

Question

I'm a little confused about data consistency and data integrity. From Oracle Database Concepts:

data integrity
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Business rules that dictate the standards for acceptable data. These rules
are applied to a database by using integrity constraints and triggers to
prevent invalid data entry.

From Wikipedia

Consistency
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Consistency states that only valid data will be written to the database.

So what's the difference between data consistency and data integrity?

Thanks in advance.

Answer 1

They are not only different, they are orthogonal.

Inconsistency:
A DB that reported employee Joe Shmoe's department as Sales but that didn't list Joe Shmoe among the employees in the Sales department would be inconsistent.
It's a logical property of the DB, independent of the actual data.

Integrity:
A DB that reported jOe SaleS to be a member of the Shmoe department would lack integrity.
jOe SaleS isn't a valid employee name and Shmoe isn't a valid department.
That's not logically invalid, but it is invalid relative to the rules that govern data content.