Alternatives to Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV)?
Our database is designed based on EAV (Entity-Attribute-Value) model. Those who have worked with EAV models know all the crap that comes with for the purpose of flexibility.
I asked my client about the reasons why using EAV model (flexibility), and their response was: Their entities change over time. So, today they may have a table with a few attributes, but in a month time, a few new attributes may be added, or an existing attribute may be renamed. They need to produce reports to get back to any stage in time and query the data based on the shape of entities at that stage.
I understand this is not feasible with a conventional relational model, but I personally see EAV as anti-pattern. Are there any other alternative models that enables us to capture the time dimension in changes to the entities and instances?
Cheers, Mosh
Answer
There is a difference between EAV done faithfully or badly; 5NF done by skilled people or by those who are clueless.
Sixth Normal Form is the Irreducible Normal Form (no further Normalisation is possible). It eliminates many of the problems that are common, such as The Null Problem, and provides the ultimate method identifying missing values. It is the academically and technically robust NF. There are no products to support it, and it is not commonly used. To be implemented properly and consistently, it requires a catalogue for metadata to be implemented. Of course, the SQL required to navigate it becomes even more cumbersome (SQL already being cumbersome re joins), but this is easily overcome by automating the production of SQL from the metadata.
EAV is a partial set or a subset of 6NF. The problem is, usually it is done for a purpose (to allow columns to be added without having to make DDL changes), and by people who are not aware of the 6NF, and who do not implement metadata. The point is, 6NF and EAV as principles and concepts offer substantial benefits, and performance increases; but commonly it is not implemented properly, and the benefits are not realised. Quite a few EAV implementations are disasters, not because EAV is bad, but because the implementation is poor.
Eg. Some people think that the SQL required to construct the 3NF rows from the 6NF/EAV database is complex: no, it is cumbersome but not complex. More important, an ordinary SQL VIEW can be provided, so that all users and report tools see only the straight 3NF VIEW, and the 6NF/EAV issues are transparent to them. Last, the SQL required can be automated, so the labour cost that many people endure is quite unnecessary.
So the answer really is, Sixth Normal Form, being the father of EAV, and a purer form, is the replacement for it. The Caveat is, ensure it is done properly. I have one large 6NF db, and it suffers none of the problems people post about, it performs beautifully, the customer is very happy (no further work is a sign of complete functional satisfaction).
I have already posted a very detailed answer to another question which applies to your question as well, which you may be interested in.