I saw a similar question which asked how to monitor the progress of a backup/restore operation: Is there a SQL script that I can use to determine the progress of a SQL Server backup or restore process?
I would like to know if there's a similar query/way to see how much time the query has left until it will end. For example, one query usually has an elapsed time of 5 minutes. I would like to know how much time is left until it will end DURING the query's execution.
What you want are Live Query Statistics.
You can activate it in the most recent version of SSMS with a button next to the one that gives you the normal query plan:
This then gives you a live query plan:
At the bottom you see the total progress: