Make table cells square

Question

How to ensure that each cell of table should become square without using fixed sizes? And be responsive when they change width.

Answer 1

You can use the technique described in: Grid of responsive squares.

Adapted to your usecase with a table and square table cells, it would look like this:

table {
  width: 90%;
}
td {
  width: 33.33%;
  position: relative;
}
td:after {
  content: '';
  display: block;
  margin-top: 100%;
}
td .content {
  position: absolute;
  top: 0;
  bottom: 0;
  left: 0;
  right: 0;
  background: gold;
}

<table>
  <tr>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
    <td><div class="content">1</div></td>
  </tr>
<table>

FIDDLE demo