How could I style the color, size and shadow of icons from Font Awesome's Icons?
For example, Font Awesome's site will show some icons in white and some in red but won't show the CSS
for how to style them that way ...
Given that they're simply fonts, then you should be able to style them as fonts:
#elementID {
color: #fff;
text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px #ccc;
font-size: 1.5em;
}