Every time I visit a website that is using Cloudflare's Under-Attack-Mode it shows me the usual text telling me to wait a few seconds until Cloudflare verified I am not a bot. Every time I reload the page it changes my current Ray ID.
My Question: What is the purpose of a Ray ID? Is it some kind of Session ID?
It is a UID which can be used by the website operator (and Cloudflare support) to potentially debug issues. The ray id is actually returned in the headers of most requests through Cloudflare, just not as visibly as what you see in the case of I'm under attack mode.