I have a source directory which uses makefile to compile the code. This makefile/configure file is not written for ccache compatibility. So I thought to use ccache. I created alias in .bashrc as alias gcc='ccache gcc', but Makefile is still not considering this definition of gcc. So is there anything I can do without touching Makefile/configure file such that it takes ccache gcc instead of gcc.
Also CC='ccache gcc' ./configure is not an option, since it does not ask for CC.
If I write Makefile then I can provide ${gcc), but this is not an option, since I am not writing Makefile. Is there any way by which we don't need to change anything in source file, but still enable ccache compiling.
Answer
Aliases are local to the shell they are created in; unlike environment variables they are not passed to any programs that the shell invokes (including make). Make invokes /bin/sh, not /bin/bash, and /bin/sh doesn't read your ~/.bashrc etc. so no aliases defined there will be helpful to you.
I'm not exactly sure why you have placed some of the restrictions you mention on yourself: these things work fine and you haven't given a reason to avoid them that I understand. For example, providing a different CC with configure will work, if the version of autoconf is not really ancient. You can do this:
./configure CC='ccache gcc'
for example and that will set the default value of CC in your makefile to be ccache gcc. I don't know what you mean by "it does not ask for CC".
If you would prefer, you can also override the setting of CC on the make command line, like this:
make CC='ccache gcc'
which also works fine.