How to qsort an array of pointers to char in C?

Question

Suppose I have an array of pointers to char in C:

char *data[5] = { "boda", "cydo", "washington", "dc", "obama" };

And I wish to sort this array using qsort:

qsort(data, 5, sizeof(char *), compare_function);

I am unable to come up with the compare function. For some reason this doesn't work:

int compare_function(const void *name1, const void *name2)
{
    const char *name1_ = (const char *)name1;
    const char *name2_ = (const char *)name2;
    return strcmp(name1_, name2_);
}

I did a lot of searching and found that I had to use ** inside of qsort:

int compare_function(const void *name1, const void *name2)
{
    const char *name1_ = *(const char **)name1;
    const char *name2_ = *(const char **)name2;
    return strcmp(name1_, name2_);
}

And this works.

Can anyone explain the use of *(const char **)name1 in this function? I don't understand it at all. Why the double pointer? Why didn't my original function work?

Thanks, Boda Cydo.

Answer 1

If it helps keep things straight in your head, the type that you should cast the pointers to in your comparator is the same as the original type of the data pointer you pass into qsort (that the qsort docs call base). But for qsort to be generic, it just handles everything as void*, regardless of what it "really" is.

So, if you're sorting an array of ints, then you will pass in an int* (converted to void*). qsort will give you back two void* pointers to the comparator, which you convert to int*, and dereference to get the int values that you actually compare.

Now replace int with char*:

if you're sorting an array of char*, then you will pass in a char** (converted to void*). qsort will give you back two void* pointers to the comparator, which you convert to char**, and dereference to get the char* values you actually compare.

In your example, because you're using an array, the char** that you pass in is the result of the array of char* "decaying" to a pointer to its first element. Since the first element is a char*, a pointer to it is a char**.