memcpy vs assignment in C

c struct variable-assignment memcpy
Setjmp picture Setjmp · Nov 27, 2008 · Viewed 21.6k times · Source

Under what circumstances should I expect memcpys to outperform assignments on modern INTEL/AMD hardware? I am using GCC 4.2.x on a 32 bit Intel platform (but am interested in 64 bit as well).

Answer

Johannes Schaub - litb picture Johannes Schaub - litb · Nov 27, 2008

You should never expect them outperform assignments. The reason is, the compiler will use memcpy anyway when it thinks it would be faster (if you use optimize flags). If not and if the structure is reasonable small that it fits into registers, direct register manipulation could be used which wouldn't require any memory access at all.

GCC has special block-move patterns internally that figure out when to directly change registers / memory cells, or when to use the memcpy function. Note when assigning the struct, the compiler knows at compile time how big the move is going to be, so it can unroll small copies (do a move n-times in row instead of looping) for instance. Note -mno-memcpy:

-mmemcpy
-mno-memcpy
    Force (do not force) the use of "memcpy()" for non-trivial block moves.  
    The default is -mno-memcpy, which allows GCC to inline most constant-sized copies.

Who knows it better when to use memcpy than the compiler itself?

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