C++ - enum vs. const vs. #define

Question

At the end of the article here: http://www.learncpp.com/cpp-tutorial/45-enumerated-types/, it mentions the following:

Finally, as with constant variables, enumerated types show up in the debugger, making them more useful than #defined values in this regard.

How is the bold sentence above achieved?

Thanks.

Answer 1

Consider this code,

#define WIDTH 300

enum econst
{
   eWidth=300
};

const int Width=300;

struct sample{};

int main() 
{
        sample s;
        int x = eWidth * s; //error 1
        int y = WIDTH * s;  //error 2
        int z = Width * s;  //error 3
        return 0;
}

Obviously each multiplication results in compilation-error, but see how the GCC generates the messages for each multiplication error:

prog.cpp:19: error: no match for ‘operator*’ in ‘eWidth * s’
prog.cpp:20: error: no match for ‘operator*’ in ‘300 * s’
prog.cpp:21: error: no match for ‘operator*’ in ‘Width * s’

In the error message, you don't see the macro WIDTH which you've #defined, right? That is because by the time GCC makes any attempt to compile the line corresponds to second error, it doesn't see WIDTH, all it sees only 300, as before GCC compiles the line, preprocessor has already replaced WIDTH with 300. On the other hand, there is no any such thing happens with enum eWidth and const Width.

See the error yourself here : http://www.ideone.com/naZ3P

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Also, read Item 2 : Prefer consts, enums, and inlines to #defines from Effective C++ by Scott Meyers.