How do I print coloured characters to a Linux terminal that supports it?
How do I tell whether the terminal supports colour codes?
You need to output ANSI colour codes. Note that not all terminals support this; if colour sequences are not supported, garbage will show up.
Example:
cout << "\033[1;31mbold red text\033[0m\n";
Here, \033
is the ESC character, ASCII 27. It is followed by [
, then zero or more numbers separated by ;
, and finally the letter m
. The numbers describe the colour and format to switch to from that point onwards.
The codes for foreground and background colours are:
foreground background
black 30 40
red 31 41
green 32 42
yellow 33 43
blue 34 44
magenta 35 45
cyan 36 46
white 37 47
Additionally, you can use these:
reset 0 (everything back to normal)
bold/bright 1 (often a brighter shade of the same colour)
underline 4
inverse 7 (swap foreground and background colours)
bold/bright off 21
underline off 24
inverse off 27
See the table on Wikipedia for other, less widely supported codes.
To determine whether your terminal supports colour sequences, read the value of the TERM
environment variable. It should specify the particular terminal type used (e.g. vt100
, gnome-terminal
, xterm
, screen
, ...). Then look that up in the terminfo database; check the colors
capability.