How can I shuffle bits efficiently?

Question

I need to shuffle a 16 bit unsigned integer in a way that the even indexes land in the lower byte, and the odd indexes land in the upper byte.

input:
fedcba98 76543210 (contiguously numbered)

output:
fdb97531 eca86420 (even and odd separated)

My code looks like this at the moment:

typedef unsigned short u16;

u16 segregate(u16 x)
{
    u16 g = (x & 0x0001);
    u16 h = (x & 0x0004) >> 1;
    u16 i = (x & 0x0010) >> 2;
    u16 j = (x & 0x0040) >> 3;
    u16 k = (x & 0x0100) >> 4;
    u16 l = (x & 0x0400) >> 5;
    u16 m = (x & 0x1000) >> 6;
    u16 n = (x & 0x4000) >> 7;

    u16 o = (x & 0x0002) << 7;
    u16 p = (x & 0x0008) << 6;
    u16 q = (x & 0x0020) << 5;
    u16 r = (x & 0x0080) << 4;
    u16 s = (x & 0x0200) << 3;
    u16 t = (x & 0x0800) << 2;
    u16 u = (x & 0x2000) << 1;
    u16 v = (x & 0x8000);

    return g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v;
}

I wonder if there is a more elegant solution than simply extracting and shifting each individual bit?

Answer 1

The table approach shown by others is the most portable version and is probably quite fast.

If you want to take advantage of special instruction sets there are some other options as well. For Intel Haswell and later for example the following approach can be used (requires the BMI2 instruction set extension):

unsigned segregate_bmi (unsigned arg)
{
  unsigned oddBits  = _pext_u32(arg,0x5555);
  unsigned evenBits = _pext_u32(arg,0xaaaa);
  return (oddBits | (evenBits << 8));
}