Measure time, milliseconds or microseconds for Windows C++

Question

How do you measure the execution time in milliseconds or microseconds in Windows C++?

I found many method one calling time(NULL), but it measures time in seconds only and the seconds clock() (clock_t) measure CPU time, not the actual time.

I found the function gettimeofday(Calendar time) mentioned in this paper: dropbox.com/s/k0zv8pck7ydbakz/1_7-PDF_thesis_2.pdf

This function is for Linux (compute time in milli and microseconds) and not Windows.

I found an alternative to it for Windows: dropbox.com/s/ofo99b166l7e2gf/gettimeofday.txt

And this may be relevant: stackoverflow.com/questions/1861294/how-to-calculate-execution-time-of-a-code-snippet-in-c

Answer 1

You can use the standard C++ <chrono> library:

#include <iostream>
#include <chrono>

// long operation to time
long long fib(long long n) {
  if (n < 2) {
    return n;
  } else {
    return fib(n-1) + fib(n-2);
  }
}

int main() {
  auto start_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();

  long long input = 32;
  long long result = fib(input);

  auto end_time = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
  auto time = end_time - start_time;

  std::cout << "result = " << result << '\n';
  std::cout << "fib(" << input << ") took " <<
    time/std::chrono::milliseconds(1) << "ms to run.\n";
}

One thing to keep in mind is that using <chrono> enables type safe, generic timing code but to get that benefit you have use it a bit differently than you would use dumb, type-unsafe timing libraries that store durations and time points in types like int. Here's an answer that explains some specific usage scenarios and the differences between using untyped libraries and best practices for using chrono: https://stackoverflow.com/a/15839862/365496

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The maintainer of Visual Studio's standard library implementation has indicated that the low resolution of high_resolution_clock has been fixed in VS2015 via the use of QueryPerformanceCounter().