Algorithm to Switch Between RGB and HSB Color Values
I read the article Algorithm to Switch Between RGB and HSB Color Values
Type RGBColor
Red As Byte
Green As Byte
Blue As Byte
End Type
Type HSBColor
Hue As Double
Saturation As Double
Brightness As Double
End Type
Function RGBToHSB(rgb As RGBColor) As HSBColor
Dim minRGB, maxRGB, Delta As Double
Dim h, s, b As Double
h = 0
minRGB = Min(Min(rgb.Red, rgb.Green), rgb.Blue)
maxRGB = Max(Max(rgb.Red, rgb.Green), rgb.Blue)
Delta = (maxRGB - minRGB)
b = maxRGB
If (maxRGB <> 0) Then
s = 255 * Delta / maxRGB
Else
s = 0
End If
If (s <> 0) Then
If rgb.Red = maxRGB Then
h = (CDbl(rgb.Green) - CDbl(rgb.Blue)) / Delta
Else
If rgb.Green = maxRGB Then
h = 2 + (CDbl(rgb.Blue) - CDbl(rgb.Red)) / Delta
Else
If rgb.Blue = maxRGB Then
h = 4 + (CDbl(rgb.Red) - CDbl(rgb.Green)) / Delta
End If
End If
End If
Else
h = -1
End If
h = h * 60
If h < 0 Then h = h + 360
RGBToHSB.Hue = h
RGBToHSB.Saturation = s * 100 / 255
RGBToHSB.Brightness = b * 100 / 255
End Function
Function HSBToRGB(hsb As HSBColor) As RGBColor
Dim maxRGB, Delta As Double
Dim h, s, b As Double
h = hsb.Hue / 60
s = hsb.Saturation * 255 / 100
b = hsb.Brightness * 255 / 100
maxRGB = b
If s = 0 Then
HSBToRGB.Red = 0
HSBToRGB.Green = 0
HSBToRGB.Blue = 0
Else
Delta = s * maxRGB / 255
If h > 3 Then
HSBToRGB.Blue = CByte(Round(maxRGB))
If h > 4 Then
HSBToRGB.Green = CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Red = CByte(Round((h - 4) * Delta)) + HSBToRGB.Green
Else
HSBToRGB.Red = CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Green = CByte(HSBToRGB.Red - Round((h - 4) * Delta))
End If
Else
If h > 1 Then
HSBToRGB.Green = CByte(Round(maxRGB))
If h > 2 Then
HSBToRGB.Red = CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Blue = CByte(Round((h - 2) * Delta)) + HSBToRGB.Red
Else
HSBToRGB.Blue = CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Red = CByte(HSBToRGB.Blue - Round((h - 2) * Delta))
End If
Else
If h > -1 Then
HSBToRGB.Red = CByte(Round(maxRGB))
If h > 0 Then
HSBToRGB.Blue = CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Green = CByte(Round(h * Delta)) + HSBToRGB.Blue
Else
HSBToRGB.Green = CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Blue = CByte(HSBToRGB.Green - Round(h * Delta))
End If
End If
End If
End If
End If
End Function
Then there was someone who posted that there was a mistake but didn't elaborate much
But I think it need to manage when h is more than 5, for example for the color R:130 G:65 B:111
If h > 5 Then
HSBToRGB.Red = CByte(Round(maxRGB))
If h > 6 Then
HSBToRGB.Blue= CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Green= CByte(Round((h - 6) * Delta)) HSBToRGB.Blue
Else
HSBToRGB.Green= CByte(Round(maxRGB - Delta))
HSBToRGB.Blue = CByte(HSBToRGB.Green- Round((h - 6) * Delta))
End If
Do I need to add in that piece of code? And I presume it should go into HSB to RGB (in my C# conversion)
...
if (s != 0) {
delta = s * maxRGB / 255;
if (h > 5)
rgb.Red = Convert.ToByte(Math.Round(maxRGB));
if (h > 6)
{
rgb.Green = Convert.ToByte(Math.Round(maxRGB - delta));
rgb.Blue = Convert.ToByte(rgb.Green - Math.Round((h - 6) * delta));
}
if (h > 3)
{
...
also, should it be like above, or
if (h > 6) { }
else if (h > 3) { }
Answer
Using the methods built into .NET's Color object is a non-starter because, as several of the answers point out, they don't support the reverse (converting an HSB color to RGB). Additionally, Color.GetBrightness actually returns lightness, rather than brightness/value. There is a lot of confusion over the differences between the HSB/HSV and HSL color spaces because of their similarities (Wikipedia). I see lots of color pickers that end up using the wrong algorithm and/or model.
The original code looks to me like it misses a few possible scenarios when it calculates the value for hue, given an RGB color. It's a little difficult for me to follow the additions that you're contemplating to the code, but the first thing that jumps out at me (and that you don't appear to suggest correcting) is that when the saturation = 0, you set hue to -1. When you later multiply the hue by 60, you end up with -60, then you add that to 360 (If h < 0 Then h = h + 360), producing a result of 300, which is not correct.
I use the following code (in VB.NET) to convert between RGB and HSB (which I call HSV). The results have been tested very extensively, and the results are virtually identical to those given by Photoshop's color picker (aside from the compensation it does for color profiles). The major difference between the posted code and mine (aside from the important portion that calculates the hue) is that I prefer normalizing the RGB values to be between 0 and 1 to do the calculations, rather than working with the original values between 0 and 255. This eliminates some of the inefficiencies and multiple conversions in the original code that you posted, as well.
Public Function RGBtoHSV(ByVal R As Integer, ByVal G As Integer, ByVal B As Integer) As HSV
''# Normalize the RGB values by scaling them to be between 0 and 1
Dim red As Decimal = R / 255D
Dim green As Decimal = G / 255D
Dim blue As Decimal = B / 255D
Dim minValue As Decimal = Math.Min(red, Math.Min(green, blue))
Dim maxValue As Decimal = Math.Max(red, Math.Max(green, blue))
Dim delta As Decimal = maxValue - minValue
Dim h As Decimal
Dim s As Decimal
Dim v As Decimal = maxValue
''# Calculate the hue (in degrees of a circle, between 0 and 360)
Select Case maxValue
Case red
If green >= blue Then
If delta = 0 Then
h = 0
Else
h = 60 * (green - blue) / delta
End If
ElseIf green < blue Then
h = 60 * (green - blue) / delta + 360
End If
Case green
h = 60 * (blue - red) / delta + 120
Case blue
h = 60 * (red - green) / delta + 240
End Select
''# Calculate the saturation (between 0 and 1)
If maxValue = 0 Then
s = 0
Else
s = 1D - (minValue / maxValue)
End If
''# Scale the saturation and value to a percentage between 0 and 100
s *= 100
v *= 100
''# Return a color in the new color space
Return New HSV(CInt(Math.Round(h, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)), _
CInt(Math.Round(s, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)), _
CInt(Math.Round(v, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)))
End Function
You didn't post the code you use to convert from an HSB (which I call HSV) color to RGB, but here's what I use, again working with interim values that are between 0 and 1:
Public Function HSVtoRGB(ByVal H As Integer, ByVal S As Integer, ByVal V As Integer) As RGB
''# Scale the Saturation and Value components to be between 0 and 1
Dim hue As Decimal = H
Dim sat As Decimal = S / 100D
Dim val As Decimal = V / 100D
Dim r As Decimal
Dim g As Decimal
Dim b As Decimal
If sat = 0 Then
''# If the saturation is 0, then all colors are the same.
''# (This is some flavor of gray.)
r = val
g = val
b = val
Else
''# Calculate the appropriate sector of a 6-part color wheel
Dim sectorPos As Decimal = hue / 60D
Dim sectorNumber As Integer = CInt(Math.Floor(sectorPos))
''# Get the fractional part of the sector
''# (that is, how many degrees into the sector you are)
Dim fractionalSector As Decimal = sectorPos - sectorNumber
''# Calculate values for the three axes of the color
Dim p As Decimal = val * (1 - sat)
Dim q As Decimal = val * (1 - (sat * fractionalSector))
Dim t As Decimal = val * (1 - (sat * (1 - fractionalSector)))
''# Assign the fractional colors to red, green, and blue
''# components based on the sector the angle is in
Select Case sectorNumber
Case 0, 6
r = val
g = t
b = p
Case 1
r = q
g = val
b = p
Case 2
r = p
g = val
b = t
Case 3
r = p
g = q
b = val
Case 4
r = t
g = p
b = val
Case 5
r = val
g = p
b = q
End Select
End If
''# Scale the red, green, and blue values to be between 0 and 255
r *= 255
g *= 255
b *= 255
''# Return a color in the new color space
Return New RGB(CInt(Math.Round(r, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)), _
CInt(Math.Round(g, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)), _
CInt(Math.Round(b, MidpointRounding.AwayFromZero)))
End Function
EDIT: This code looks very similar to that provided in C by Richard J. Ross III. I hunted down as many different algorithms as I could find online, rewrote a lot of code borrowing the best from each of them, and did extensive testing to verify the accuracy of the results. I neglected to note who I borrowed code from, as this was just for a private library. Maybe the VB version will help someone who doesn't want to do a conversion from C. :-)