I want to find out which version of C# I'm using.
If I would be using python I would do something like python -V
from the command line, or type:
import sys
print sys.version
In PHP I would do something like this: phpinfo();
in java: java -version
But I was not able to find how to achieve this in C#.
This question does not answer it, although the name suggests that it should.
I got that it depends on the .NET framework, but is there a programmatic way of figuring out my framework? I mean without going to the directory and checking the name of my .NET folders.
It depends upon the .NET Framework
that you use. Check Jon Skeet's answer about Versions.
Here is short version of his answer.
C# 1.0 released with .NET 1.0
C# 1.2 (bizarrely enough); released with .NET 1.1
C# 2.0 released with .NET 2.0
C# 3.0 released with .NET 3.5
C# 4.0 released with .NET 4
C# 5.0 released with .NET 4.5
C# 6.0 released with .NET 4.6
C# 7.0 is released with .NET 4.6.2
C# 7.3 is released with .NET 4.7.2
C# 8.0 is released with NET Core 3.0
C# 9.0 is released with NET 5.0