When to use Factory method pattern?

Question

When to use Factory method pattern?

Please provide me some specific idea when to use it in project? and how it is a better way over new keyword?

Answer 1

Use a factory method (not abstract factory) when you want to reuse common functionality with different components.

Example: Imagine you have an M16 rifle. Something like this:

public class M16
{
    private Scope scope = new StandardScope();
    private SecondaryWeapon secondary = new Bayonet();
    private Camouflage camo = new DesertCamo();

    public double getMass()
    {
        // Add the mass of the gun to the mass of all the attachments.
    }

    public Point2D shootAtTarget(Point2D targetPosition)
    {
        // Very complicated calculation taking account of lots of variables such as
        // scope accuracy and gun weight.
    }
}

You may be satisfied with it for a while, thinking that you wont want to change anything. But then you have to do a secret nightime stealth mission in the jungle, and you realise that your attachments are completely inappropriate. You really need a NightVision scope, JungleCamo and a GrenadeLauncher secondary weapon. You will have to copy past the code from your original M16......not good extensibility.....Factory Method to the rescue!

Rewrite your M16 class:

public abstract class M16
{
    private Scope scope = getScope();
    private SecondaryWeapon secondary = getSecondaryWeapon();
    private Camouflage camo = getCamouflage();

    public double getMass()
    {
        // Add the mass of the gun to the mass of all the attachments.
    }

    public Point2D shootAtTarget(Point2D targetPosition)
    {
        // Very complicated calculation taking account of lots of variables such as
        // scope accuracy and gun weight.
    }

    // Don't have to be abstract if you want to have defaults.
    protected abstract Scope getScope();
    protected abstract SecondaryWeapon getSecondaryWeapon();
    protected abstract Camouflage getCamouflage();
}


//Then, your new JungleM16 can be created with hardly any effort (and importantly, no code //copying):

public class JungleM16 : M16
{
    public Scope getScope()
    {
        return new NightVisionScope();
    }

    public SecondaryWeapon getSecondaryWeapon()
    {
        return new GrenadeLauncher();
    }

    public Camouflage getCamouflage()
    {
        return new JungleCamo();
    }
}

Main idea? Customise and swap out composing objects while keeping common functionality.

An actually useful place to use it: You have just designed a really cool GUI, and it has a really complicated layout. It would be a real pain to have to layout everything again if you wanted to have different widgets. So.....use a factory method to create the widgets. Then, if you change your mind (or someone else want to use your class, but use different components) you can just subclass the GUI and override the factory methods.