What does `dup (?)` mean in TASM?

assembly x86 tasm
sashoalm picture sashoalm · Apr 11, 2013 · Viewed 46.3k times · Source

I have this code here, but I'm unfamiliar with the syntax.

STACK16_SIZE    =       100h
stack16         db      STACK16_SIZE dup (?)

I think dup means we declare a variable of type array, as this is a stack, but I'm not sure. So what does dup mean in TASM, exactly?

Answer

wallyk picture wallyk · Apr 11, 2013

STACK16_SIZE dup (?) means to duplicate the data in parenthesis by STACK16_SIZE times. It is equivalent to writing ?, ?, ?, ?, ... (100h times)

The data in parens is "uninitialized data". That is, memory is allocated, but not set to any particular value on load.

Assembly does not provide an array "type". If it does, it is only for debuggers for use when inspecting the data. However, in this code snippet, stack16 is a symbol with an address beginning a memory block of bytes—which is counter-intuitive and potentially a source of a subtle bug. For a CPU stack, it really ought to be defined as 16 bit words (dw) or 32 bit words (dd).

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