How to convert from 4-bit hexadecimal to 7-bit ASCII?
The assigment is to learn assembly programming by writing a subroutine that can convert between 4-bit hexadecimal and 7-bit ASCII. At first I had no idea but after some research I could make and effort and draw a flowchart and make a program but it is not entirely correct so I'm asking for your guidance to help me solve this.
The actual assignment text is this:
HA 3.1. Draw a flow-chart for a subroutine to convert a 4-bit hexadecimal value to the corresponding 7-bit ASCII-code. See the full specification for hexasc below. Example: binary 0010 (hexadecimal digit 2) is converted to 011 0010 (ASCII-code for '2'). Another example: binary 1011 (hexadecimal digit B) is converted to 100 0010 (ASCII-code for 'B') Make sure that your subroutine is documented according to our requirements.
HA 3.2. Using the labwork project in the Nios II IDE, create a new file called hexasc.s
HA 3.3. In the file hexasc.s, write a subroutine called hexasc, that converts a 4-bit hexadecimal value to the corresponding 7-bit ASCII-code.
I've drawn a flowchart for the program:
And the program I've tried is this but I suspect that it is not according to spec:
.global main
.text
.align 2
main: movi r8, 0x09
movi r9, 0x0f
andi r4, r4, 0x0f
bgt r8, r4, L1
movi r2, 0x1e
add r2, r2, r4
andi r2, r2, 0xff
movia r2,putchar
br L2
L1: movi r2, 0x29
add r2, r2, r4
andi r2, r2, 0xff
movia r2,putchar
L2: .end
Can you help me develop and solve this assignment? There's plenty of time, it's not due until in a month.
Update
After seeing here in a comment that the flowchart was incorrect, I've made the necessary adjustments:
I also want to discuss how this algorithm is correct that converts between hexadecimal and ASCII.
Update / edit
Here is the complete program.
.global hexasc
.text
.align 2
hexasc: movi r8, 0x09
movi r9, 0x0f
andi r4, r4, 0x0f #keep only 4 bits
bgt r4, r8, L1 #is x>9?
movi r2, 0x30
add r2, r2, r4
andi r2, r2, 0xff
ret
L1: movi r2, 0x37
add r2, r2, r4
andi r2, r2, 0xff
ret
Answer
When you mask off the lower four bits, you have the potential for ending up with the values 0x0 to 0xF. The table of desired results is:
0x0 -> '0' = 0x30
0x1 -> '1' = 0x31
0x2 -> '2' = 0x32
0x3 -> '3' = 0x33
0x4 -> '4' = 0x34
0x5 -> '5' = 0x35
0x6 -> '6' = 0x36
0x7 -> '7' = 0x37
0x8 -> '8' = 0x38
0x9 -> '9' = 0x39
0xA -> 'A' = 0x41
0xB -> 'B' = 0x42
0xC -> 'C' = 0x43
0xD -> 'D' = 0x44
0xE -> 'E' = 0x45
0xF -> 'F' = 0x46
From that table of desired results we can see that there are two linear sections, from 0x0 to 0x9 and from 0xA to 0xF. For the 0x0 to 0x9 case 0x30 - 0x0 = 0x30 so we add 0x30. For the 0xA to 0xF section 0x41 - 0xA = 0x37.
Will that work?
0x0 + 0x30 = 0x30
0x1 + 0x30 = 0x31
0x2 + 0x30 = 0x32
0x3 + 0x30 = 0x33
0x4 + 0x30 = 0x34
0x5 + 0x30 = 0x35
0x6 + 0x30 = 0x36
0x7 + 0x30 = 0x37
0x8 + 0x30 = 0x38
0x9 + 0x30 = 0x39
0xA + 0x37 = 0x41
0xB + 0x37 = 0x42
0xC + 0x37 = 0x43
0xD + 0x37 = 0x44
0xE + 0x37 = 0x45
0xF + 0x37 = 0x46
Looks good.
A slightly different way is always add 0x30 then adjust after.
0x0 + 0x30 = 0x30
0x1 + 0x30 = 0x31
0x2 + 0x30 = 0x32
0x3 + 0x30 = 0x33
0x4 + 0x30 = 0x34
0x5 + 0x30 = 0x35
0x6 + 0x30 = 0x36
0x7 + 0x30 = 0x37
0x8 + 0x30 = 0x38
0x9 + 0x30 = 0x39
0xA + 0x30 + 7 = 0x41
0xB + 0x30 + 7 = 0x42
0xC + 0x30 + 7 = 0x43
0xD + 0x30 + 7 = 0x44
0xE + 0x30 + 7 = 0x45
0xF + 0x30 + 7 = 0x46
When creating the desired result table, the left side you should have known something anded with 0xF gives you 0x0 to 0xF, and it appears you did. The right side of the desired table comes from an ASCII chart. I think if you had made that chart and gotten out a calculator (yea that little thing with buttons that old people use, although one that does hex, your phone should have an app for it). From there visually from that table come up with the algorithm.
You should also ask yourself, what if I want A to F to be lower case instead of upper case (a,b,c,d,e,f)? How do I change the algorithm?