I know one can host a Jekyl based static site/blog via Github pages. Can one do the same with a static site/blog based on AngularJS?
You can but you can't use html5 mode (removes the # from urls). If you use html5 mode, you have to redirect all requests to the root url since its a single page app. Since you can't use server side code on GitHub pages, you can't do this. So, if you don't mind the # in the url, go for it. If you want to use html5 mode, you need to look for hosting elsewhere.
From the Angular docs...
"Using [html5] mode requires URL rewriting on server side, basically you have to
rewrite all your links to entry point of your application (e.g. index.html)"
EDIT: You can make use of some clever hacks to make this work if you really want to. The hacks are outlined in detail here. In summary, you rename your index.html to 404.html and github will serve it at all routes