using theme or ImageView ?
use the android:background
attribute in your xml. Easiest way if you want to apply it to a whole activity is to put it in the root of your layout. So if you have a RelativeLayout as the start of your xml, put it in here:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/rootRL"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
android:background="@drawable/background">
</RelativeLayout>