Android test project is crashing with error "Test run failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'Process crashed.'"

Question

My problem seems little different than here Test run failed: Instrumentation run failed due to 'Process crashed.' when testing multiple Android activity
I have followed steps given in the pdf. I have created test project "TestAndroidCalculatorBlackbox" (do we need to have two project one test and one main project, perhaps this could be the reason, cause in Robotium "Getting Started" link they want us to create projects for Notepad),
and added jars robotium-solo-5.0.1.jar,robotium-solo-1.6.0.jar, to get rid of red error lines below solo. functions and jay.way package.
I am attaching the error screenshot: y AndroidManifest.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    package="com.testcalculator"
    android:versionCode="1"
    android:versionName="1.0" >

    <uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />

    <instrumentation
        android:name="android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner"
        android:targetPackage="com.testcalculator" />

    <application
        android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
        android:label="@string/app_name" android:debuggable="true">
        <uses-library android:name="android.test.runner" />
    </application>

</manifest>

and I have package added in instrumentation list:

 c:\> adb shell pm list instrumentation
instrumentation:PACKAGE.test.test/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner (target=PACKAGE)
instrumentation:PACKAGE.test.test.test.test.test.test/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner (target=PACKAGE.test.test)
instrumentation:com.example.android.apis/.app.LocalSampleInstrumentation (target=com.example.android.apis)
>> instrumentation:com.testcalculator/android.test.InstrumentationTestRunner (target=com.testcalculator) <<

Answer 1

For those migrating to or currently using Androidx, this error results from using testInstrumentationRunner "android.support.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner" instead of testInstrumentationRunner "androidx.test.runner.AndroidJUnitRunner".

Using the latter resolves the error completely.