How to find a binary logarithm very fast? (O(1) at best)
Is there any very fast method to find a binary logarithm of an integer number? For example, given a number x=52656145834278593348959013841835216159447547700274555627155488768 such algorithm must find y=log(x,2) which is 215. x is always a power of 2.
The problem seems to be really simple. All what is required is to find the position of the most significant 1 bit. There is a well-known method FloorLog, but it is not very fast especially for the very long multi-words integers.
What is the fastest method?
Answer
A quick hack: Most floating-point number representations automatically normalise values, meaning that they effectively perform the loop Christoffer Hammarström mentioned in hardware. So simply converting from an integer to FP and extracting the exponent should do the trick, provided the numbers are within the FP representation's exponent range! (In your case, your integer input requires multiple machine words, so multiple "shifts" will need to be performed in the conversion.)