Unbiased random number generator using a biased one

Question

You have a biased random number generator that produces a 1 with a probability p and 0 with a probability (1-p). You do not know the value of p. Using this make an unbiased random number generator which produces 1 with a probability 0.5 and 0 with a probability 0.5.

Note: this problem is an exercise problem from Introduction to Algorithms by Cormen, Leiserson, Rivest, Stein.(clrs)

Answer 1

The events (p)(1-p) and (1-p)(p) are equiprobable. Taking them as 0 and 1 respectively and discarding the other two pairs of results you get an unbiased random generator.

In code this is done as easy as:

int UnbiasedRandom()
{
    int x, y;

    do
    {
        x = BiasedRandom();
        y = BiasedRandom();
    } while (x == y);

    return x;
}